Preconception & Pregnancy

Holistic Preconception Care

Why is holistic preconception care needed?

Each year approximately 123 million women worldwide succeed at getting pregnant and an additional 87 million women will get pregnant by accident. In the United States, 12% of women will have difficulty getting pregnant or carrying a baby to term. Many women turn to fertility treatments to remedy this, but how much is that costing them? Speaking purely of monetary cost: intrauterine insemination or IUI can cost anywhere from $500 - $4000 per cycle, egg freezing can cost from $15,000 - $20,000 per cycle, IVF can cost approximately $23,000 per round, and surrogacy can cost anywhere from $20,000 - $70,000 and up. This is before adding in doctors visits, specialist visit cost, prescription cost and the cost that you can’t place a number on, the mental and emotional cost of this process. For many, however, a successful outcome is worth the hardship.

Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.

Preconception and Prenatal Care

Let’s rewind a little and look at what women and men will go through before reaching a decision to go forward with fertility treatments. For many, trying for a baby means simply that: having sex in the time around ovulation and hoping for the best. Is this enough though? In 2015, the United States launched the Preconception Health and Health Care Initiative in the hopes of getting as many women and men of reproductive age as healthy as possible should they happen to become pregnant. This was done bearing in mind the infant and maternal mortality rates that still remain high in the U.S. despite advancements in technology in recent years. Keeping in mind the large number of people who become pregnant accidentally, this was a logical step to make in attempting to improve the overall health of those who fall in the reproductive age range. However, though it was apparent that preconception care was an important step, many women and men of childbearing age remain less healthy than would be desired. 

What did this entail? Screenings of all women who fall into the reproductive age range, that they (1) intended/planned to become pregnant; (2) entered prenatal care in the first trimester; (3) take daily folic acid/multivitamin; (4) are tobacco-free; (5) are not depressed (mentally well/under treatment); (6) have a healthy body mass index; (7) are free of sexually transmitted infections; (8) have optimal blood sugar control; and (9) medications (if any) are not teratogenic.

While these are excellent first steps, is there more we can do?


Naturopathic fertility care

If you are reading this article, chances are you already know a little bit about what general naturopathic care entails. However, in case you aren’t, here is the gist. We follow 6 principles when caring for our patients: first do no harm, recognize the healing power of nature, identify and treat the cause, treat the whole patient, doctor as teacher and lastly, prevention. When this is applied to fertility, preconception, prenatal and postnatal care, this involves ensuring that each participant is living at peak health. A naturopathic doctor will examine their clients symptoms, as well as diet, lifestyle, past medical history, family history, medications and supplements in an in depth intake. The result is an individualized plan to ensure that there is nothing standing in the way of their chances of conceiving. 

You might be wondering, why spend the money seeing a naturopathic doctor when seeking conception assistance? Isn't it enough to have the general screenings with your PCP (primary care physician)? For some, yes that is enough. For those who are not so lucky however, they may show up as “normal” or “fine” in those screenings yet still be left unable to conceive. For example, it is women, not men, who are often the focus of these screenings. If I remember correctly from my basic science classes, it takes two to tango right?? Sperm health is just as important as egg health. So, what happens to those people who are unable to conceive after a year and there is nothing showing up on tests to give a reason why? Well, remember when we talked about the cost of fertility treatments in the U.S.? For many, that is the next step.

This is where naturopathic medicine really shines. What if there was another step you could take, before going down the very expensive route of fertility treatments. It may take a few more months, but you have a chance to conceive naturally as well as improve overall health? Of course, it will not work for everyone and that is why I am happy that fertility treatments exist. To be able to get the chance to hold your child in your arms for the first time, no matter how that comes about, is a miracle that everyone (who wants it) should be able to achieve. But I believe that everyone should know all the options available to them when making major life decisions such as this. If there is a chance it could help, isn’t it worth it? Aren’t YOU worth it?

Written By: Dr. Mairead Masuda, ND


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My Home Birth Story

Welcome to our journey of meeting our son, Beau Atlas Calhoun.



My Desire for a Home birth

I’ve always been fascinated by birth. I’ve long known that I wanted an un-medicated birth, and I knew that the most supportive environment for this type of birth would be out of the hospital. With my daughter, we had labored at home until 10 cm dilated and then delivered at the birth center. This time around, I knew I wanted to complete the birth at home. 

The weeks leading  up to his birth were very different than those with my daughter. We didn’t take birth classes this time around, and I sure didn’t have time to create birth playlists, food for labor/postpartum, pick out a cute labor/postpartum outfit or “first day” baby clothes, or listen to any birth meditations or stories. Plain and simple- life was busy and I wasn’t in the mindset for birth. 

I was simply praying baby would stay settled until at least our due date, as I had patients scheduled all the way up until that time. 

There were several weeks where I was convinced I was going fo have the baby early-I felt pelvic pressure on all of our walks and my Braxton Hicks were consistent and strong. In addition to that, my fundal height had been measuring quite small, and there became concern about IUGR. As I waited for my sonogram at 37 weeks to check on the health of baby, I had prepared myself for receiving news that I’d have to be induced due to poor nutrient delivery resulting in inadequate growth. I was pleasantly surprised when the ultrasound tech said quite the opposite- he was above the 50th percentile! For our genetics and with a fundal heigh measuring up to 4 cm small- this was a shock!



The Waiting Game

Christmas and my due date had passed and I was finally getting in the mindset for delivery. I reached out to my friend, Morgan, and asked for all her birth wisdom and preparation recommendations, I cleaned the house from top to bottom, I finished all work related tasks, and I spent as much quality time as possible with my daughter. I had gone late with Mya (41+4), so I wasn’t as anxious about going “late,” but I sure wasn’t expecting it either. 

As the days passed, my anticipation grew. I began doing everything in my power to prepare for this birth. Baby had been in a suboptimal position leading up to this time, which threatened a long and difficult early labor.I desperately wanted  to avoid a long stop and go labor, so I religiously did all the maneuvers my midwives had instructed, walked 1-2 times/day, and avoided sitting or reclining as much as possible. Mentally, I chatted with my close friends about their birth experiences, devoured content from @builttobirth, watched home birth videos, and practiced my breathing. It’s an odd feeling- a mixture of:

  • pure excitement as you wait for the arrival of the little human who has been living within you for the last 9.5 months.

  • curiosity about the journey- wondering how this time will differ from the last, if it’ll be as magical as you’re imagining, or if complications will arise.

  • And honestly- anxiety about outrageous amount of pain you will endure in the process .


Preeclampsia or COVID

At 41 weeks, I started feeling off. Maybe I was just tired, but I felt an inner intuition to check my blood pressure. I grabbed my manual cuff and was shocked to see a reading at 136/92, 143/86, 138/94… I took it again, and again, and again- only to get similar results.

I contacted my midwife immediately- we shared the same concern. Might I be developing pre-eclampsia? I knew it was a greater risk the later pregnancy went on. I knew it could mean the need for a medical induction. More than that, I knew it presented significant risk for the health of both mom and baby. As I laid in bed with my husband with eyes filled with tears, I explained to him the implications of these findings. We discussed the plan put forward by our midwife, he reassured me that everything would be okay, and we immediately went into action with herbs and nutrients intended to lower my blood pressure.


The next morning, we had planned to meet my midwife at the office at  7 am to check my blood pressure and run labs. She texted me at 6:30 asking if she could call— I knew something was wrong. When I called, she let me know that she didn’t feel well and needed to test for COVID before she could see me. Our student midwife would be meeting us instead. 

As my husband and I drove to our appointment, we once again prepared ourselves for the idea of a medical induction at the hospital. Similar to our sonogram experience at 37 week- we were beyond surprised and ecstatic to find that I must have had a faulty blood pressure cuff — my readings on 2 separate cuffs in office were completely normal, while my home cuff in office was reading high. I could now rest easy… I could return to the waiting game.

The next day, I received a call from my midwife- she had tested positive for COVID. She let me know she would not be able to attend my birth, and we discussed who would be taking her place. While I had 💯 trust in her replacement, I was still saddened to know she wouldn’t be at my birth. One of the main joys of a home birth is knowing that the woman who will deliver your baby is the woman who has been there with you through all the ups and downs over the past 9 months. She is the woman who you selected at the beginning of this all, the woman who has created a safe space for you to process all of your emotions surrounding life and birth, and the woman who has felt, watched, and listened to this little life grow month after month. But atlas, this was the season. The season of OMICRON- and the season of surrender.

The next day we came into the office to meet our new midwife. She spent 90 minutes with us reviewing all of our questions has concerns, and we felt such a peace- we knew we were in good hands.

41+4: I was starting to get anxious about the looming 42 week mark, so I decided to go in for acupuncture induction. As I was lying on the bed a little over 1/2 way through my treatment, an alarm on my phone started to sound. My acupuncturist handed me my phone to turn off the alarm, and I noticed a text from my student midwife- “Can I call you”


I had been waiting on my labs from earlier in the week, and had a feeling this was the call delivering the bad news. While my blood pressure was okay in office, it was still higher than typical. I didn’t continue to take it, knowing it would likely further increase my stress. I feared this was the call sharing the news that my labs did indeed show signs of preeclampsia. 


Yet again, I started to process the reality of going to the hospital for a medical induction. Tears steamed down my cheeks for the last 15 minutes of my treatment. My acupuncturist and I prayed, and I left for home to call my student midwife with my husband by my side.


They still had not received the results of my labs… a huge sigh of relief. So what was the news? My second midwife (who we had spent 90 minutes with the day prior) had now come down with COVID.  They were not sure who would fill her place, but even worse- If I tested positive, I would not be able to deliver at home and I would be forced to follow the dreaded hospital COVID policy. 

The next day we met our third midwife. Again, we were met with an overwhelming sense of peace- we knew we were in great hands. However, my 42 week mark was quickly approaching. I was now 41+5, and if I didn’t go into labor soon I wouldn’t be able to deliver at home.  My midwife went forward with stripping my membranes (which had induced my previous labor), and we discussed castor oil induction should this fail. 


The Induction

I had high hopes for going into labor that evening, but we walked and waited and prepared- and I showed no signs of  impending labor. My husband and I had a lot of hesitations surrounding the use of castor oil, as we had only known friends to have negative experiences, but we also knew it was our last option at a home birth. 


We discussed all the potential outcomes of a failed castor oil induction, we created a plan for emergency and voluntary hospital transfer, and I spent time praying about this decision. I went to bed with a great sense of peace- knowing that this is what I wanted to do. 

The next morning I woke at 41+ 6 with anxious anticipation - I did not know the details of the journey we were about to start, but … . I knew I was about to do the hardest work of my life…and I knew I was about to meet my child.


We prepped the house for the birth and I sent my husband to the store for the ingredients for the castor oil induction. When he returned, I put 1/2 cup of castor oil in the blender with frozen pineapple chunks, ice, and cold water. It was time to start this process. My midwives said that the body would start to reject the oil with time, so it was important that it was consumed quickly. I sat down and started to spoon the frozen pineapple sorbet into my mouth as quickly as possible. Once finished, I felt a rush of endorphins- there was no going back-It’s now time to wait.


LABOR

I began making some chicken soup to keep my mind occupied while hopefully providing some post-birth nourishment. Within 30 minutes,  I was experiencing cramping and diarrhea. Initially, I wasn’t sure if I was going into labor— or if this was just bowel distress from the castor oil— but within 60 minutes the cramping was becoming more rhythmic. By 90 minutes, my contractions were every 3 minutes and I had let my midwives know labor was starting.

I started some worship music and laid in my bed with the lights off. I needed some quiet time to allow my mind and body the opportunity to prepare for the upcoming hours. I knew lying down too long could stall labor, so I only took 15-20 minutes before I got up to start walking around. As I did this, the time between contractions were shortening. Before long, they were about 2 to 2.5 minutes apart and lasting for roughly 60 seconds.  When you time contractions, you time from the start of a contractions to the start of the next- which meant, I only had 60 -90 seconds to recoup between each.

This pace did not take me by surprise- just as I had with my daughter, my body went right into active labor. Contractions were close and intense- my body knew what to do. I was just hoping that active labor wouldn’t last 12 hours- like it did with my previous birth. The surges were intense, and I felt best on my feet. I kept walking, taking breaks to rock, breathe, and moan with each surge. 


For the first two hours, I was still in and out of reality. I’d pop into the kitchen to give my husband the next steps required for finishing the soup or to see my daughter. Thanks to the help of castor oil, I was also spending a good amount of time in the bathroom emptying everything out of my bowels. At this point, it was essentially oil and water in the toilet. I knew dehydration was the biggest risk of castor oil, so my husband would regularly fill my water bottle with ice cold electrolytes and remind me to drink between surges.

At the 2 hour mark, my moaning became louder and I knew I couldn’t manage the emotions of my daughter and the intensity of the contractions, so I told my husband to let my mother know that she needed to keep Mya distracted. I also knew I needed my husband’s touch more. The only comfortable position was standing, but my legs were becoming weak. My husband acted as my support, allowing me to hang on him and sway with me during the surges. Contractions lengthened- lasting 90 seconds and continued to come every 2 minutes. At this point, I had roughly 30 seconds to breathe before another surge would hit. After an hour of this, I looked at my husband and let him know it was time to ask the midwives to come. I was either going to have this baby soon OR I needed the reassurance that I could continue at this pace.

The surges were so intense that I felt I needed to channel that energy into another object. I began trying to squeeze a brush, my husbands arm, or the bathroom console through each surge. Then a contraction came where I felt the unbearable need to grunt and bear down. As I dug my nails into my husband, we both knew what this meant- it was time to push. 


Though our midwives had still yet to arrive, I listened to my body and pushed through the next two contractions. As I began to push for the fourth time, our student midwife came through the door and I could let out a sigh of relief. 


We moved from the bathroom into the bedroom and at the next contraction, my water broke. It felt like seconds before she told me to reach down and feel his head. The ring of fire was more intense than I had remembered, and everything in me wanted him out as quickly as possible. As I was pushing and screaming, my midwife asked me to take a breath—“his hand is by his face,” she said- “I need you to slow down and  breathe.” She and I both knew that pushing too fast and to hard could result in trauma for both, so I listened and allowed my body to guide me. Soon our main midwife arrived and within 5 minutes as I stood next to my bed, he was born. Our healthy 8lb 9 ounce baby had arrived at 2:17 pm after 4 hours of labor.


At that point, we still did not know the gender - as I cried and my body shook from the shock of labor, I remember asking over and over- what is it, what is it. Everyone giggled because I was holding him so close to my body that it was difficult for anyone to get a good look. My husband finally announced with great excitement- “it’s a boy. “


The Aftermath- My Fear Came True

I was never afraid of birth or complications with my daughter, but during her birth I had experienced a significant amount of blood loss afterwards. This time around, I was more acutely aware that hemorrhaging was a possibility. I discussed this with my midwives in the weeks leading up to my birth, as we watched my platelets and ferritin drop despite consuming crazy amounts of red meat, liver, sesame seed oil, alfalfa, and iron. We went through the various levels of intervention that we may need to utilize in order to stabilize the blood loss. I felt comfortable with the plan, but my husband and I both discussed that we were not going to take any chances- if I required a transfer- we would not hesitate.


As predicted the blood loss began to pick up greatly right after I birthed my placenta. I started to feel off-like I just wanted to go to sleep. My husband held our son as he watched the color start to leave my face. I was hemorrhaging, and It was time to start the interventions. Soon after the Pitocin injection, my midwife looked at me and sternly said “Ari, you have to let us know how you feel.” As she was speaking, I began to feel very fuzzy and my ears began ringing loudly. “Do you want us to call 911.” Though everything inside me did not want to go, I knew it was time to call. As my midwife grabbed for her phone to make the call, my student midwife lifted my legs into the air. This maneuver worked- the ringing stopped and I began to gain back an improved level of consciousness. “Wait,”I said—- “I’m feeling better.” They started an IV and moment by moment I began to feel better and better.  My fear came true- I had hemorrhaged and lost a considerable amount of blood, but thanks to my amazing midwives- I was stabilized quickly and able to stay at home to recover. Soon we were able to invite my daughter in to meet her new baby brother,  and we were all able to snuggle in bed as I had imagined. 


The next following hours and days were difficult, but also some of the most magical. Due to the blood loss, I was bed-bound, requiring help to bathe and walk to the restroom, but I had my dream birth and our son was finally here. I couldn’t be more thankful for my incredible midwives and husband for all the ways they supported me through this journey.  Our family felt complete, but if we ever decide to do this again, I’m praying for a scenario just like this one.

Choline - An Essential Nutrient to Support Baby's Brain Development in Utero and Beyond

Choline is one of the MOST important, yet most under-appreciated and underutilized nutrients for fetal brain support. In fact, extra choline is the most common nutrient I recommend on top of a woman's prenatal in order to support optimal fetal brain development. 

While choline has been well recognized as a key nutrient for fetal brain development and protection, less than 15% of pregnant women in the United States are attaining enough choline from their diet and only one prenatal on the market currently meets the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for choline requirements in pregnancy.

Choline requirements in pregnancy and lactation increase, as large amounts of choline are transported across the placenta and via breast milk during pregnancy and breastfeeding, respectively. Choline transport to the fetus is so important, that the concentration of choline in the amniotic fluid is 10x greater than in maternal blood

Importance of Maternal Choline Intake for Fetal Brain Development: 


Choline is an important nutrient in neural tube closure: 

When thinking about neural tube defects, folate often comes to mind- but it turns out adequate choline is also necessary! The importance of choline in early pregnancy has also been well established but not popularized. Women with choline levels in the lower quartile during their first trimester have a 4x greater risk of developing a neural tube defect than women in the highest quartile. Though, even moderate choline deficiency can increase the risk.  Data derived from births in California between 1989 and 1991 found an increased incidence of neural tube defects in women consuming less than 300 mg choline per day during pregnancy compared with women consuming more than 500 mg/d.


Choline supports the baby’s memory and learning:

Choline has been shown to dramatically impact the development of the hippocampus, the brain’s memory center.  Another area of the brain that requires choline for proper development is the frontal cortex, which is the region of the brain responsible for high-level thinking. 

In addition to impacting the development of key areas of the brain, choline is an essential precursor for the neurotransmitter required for creating memories- acetylcholine. Acetylcholine acts as a messenger between nerves and also supports learning, attention, and alertness.

In rodent models, the impacts of choline supplementation and choline deficiency in pregnancy are shown to result in permanent alterations in the structure of the hippocampus, resulting in long term effects on memory. Animals supplemented with choline exhibited significantly higher memory capacity into adulthood, while deficient animals were found to have offspring with impaired memory. 



Higher prenatal choline levels protect against damage from infections: 

Various types of infections have been shown to pose a potential threat to fetal brain development. Common bacterial and viral infections have been shown to increase the risk of ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia in the offspring due to a heightened maternal inflammatory response. However, higher maternal choline levels have been shown to protect the fetal brain from the dangers of maternal infections, including SARS-COV-2.



Higher maternal choline levels have been shown to mitigate damage from recreational drug use in pregnancy: 

Within animal models, choline supplementation during pregnancy and early childhood has been shown to attenuate the behavioral effects associated with alcohol exposure in utero.

Higher maternal choline has also been shown to mitigate some of the deleterious impacts of marijuana use in pregnancy, which is known to adversely affect fetal brain development and subsequent behavioral self-regulation.  



Other Benefits of Choline in Pregnancy and Lactation: 


Choline is required for maintaining normal levels of homocysteine: 

Elevated homocysteine levels during pregnancy have been associated with complications, such as preeclampsia, early pregnancy loss, placental abruption, intrauterine growth restrictions, venous thrombosis, and other cardiovascular related complications.  

B6, B12, and Folate status are believed to be primarily responsible for homocysteine levels; however, choline also plays an important role! 

PEMT rs7946  gene polymorphism (a gene known to regulate endogenous production of choline) has been associated with increased concentrations of homocysteine and subsequent increased risk of preterm birth. A study out of China showed that higher maternal choline levels appear to mitigate the risk of preterm birth in this population. 



Phosphatidylcholine supplementation may decrease the risk of abnormal liver function tests and  cholestasis: 

Phosphatidylcholine is an important component of bile, which keeps it flowing freely. Bile is responsible for transporting fats and toxins out of the liver, as well as, necessary for proper fat absorption in the digestive tract. Choline deficiency has been shown to increase the risk of cholestasis and  non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which are believed to be responsible for abnormal liver function tests in pregnancy. More research is needed to fully understand the role of choline in mitigating these affects in pregnancy. 



Lecithin supplementation  decreases risk of clogged ducts and mastitis: 

Lecithin is a mixture of choline, choline esters, fatty acids, glycerol, glycolipids, triglycerides, phosphoric acid, and phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine that are normal components of human milk. Supplemental lecithin has been recommended as a treatment for plugged milk ducts, and as an additive to human milk that is given to preterm infants via pumping through plastic tubing in order to prevent fat loss.

When using choline supplementation for this purpose, lecithin appears to be the preferred form, followed by phosphatidylcholine. 




Genes that Influence the Need for Choline: 

By far, PEMT, is the gene that most highly influences potential variation in prenatal requirements and susceptibility for deficiency. The role of your PEMT gene is to produce phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine is a major component of your cell membranes and a major component of bile. Common symptoms and disorders associated with a PEMT mutation include: fatty liver disease, gallbladder issues due to sluggish bile with subsequent intestinal bacterial overgrowth due to poor fat breakdown, breastfeeding issues like mastitis, elevated triglyceride levels, and generalized muscle weakness. 

In order to test genetic susceptibility for choline deficiency (as well as many other important genes for pregnancy and general health), I often use MaxGen Labs “Max Function” panel or “The Work”panel.




RDA in Pregnancy and Lactation: 

The RDA for choline in pregnancy is 450 mg and 550 mg in breastfeeding. However, those with genetic polymorphisms may need substantially more choline than this. 




Dietary Sources: 

Choline is a naturally occurring amino acid found in egg yolks, liver, animal meat, beans, milk, some vegetables, as well as in human breast milk. 

Amount of Choline Per Serving of Food: 

  • Beef Liver (3 oz): 356 mg 

  • Egg, hard boiled: 147 mg 

  • Beef top round (3 oz) : 117 mg 

  • Soybeans, roasted (½ cup): 107 mg 

  • Chicken breasts (3 oz)  72 mg

  • Beef, ground (3 oz): 72 mg 

  • Fish, cod and salmon (3 oz): 71 mg 

  • Broccoli (1 cup): 63 mg 

  • Green Peas (1 cup): 47.5 mg 

  • Navy Beans (½ cup): 41 mg

  • Milk (8 oz): 40 mg


Suggested Supplements 

Please enjoy 15% off physician grade supplements via my online dispensary through Fullscript™.


Preferred Prenatal: 

Needed Prenatal Capsules: 

Suggested Dosing: 8 capsules daily 

Needed Prenatal Powder: 

Suggested Dosing: 1 scoop daily 

Preferred Phosphatidylcholine/Choline Add-On Supplements:

Optimal PC (Seeking Health)

Suggested Dosing: 2 tsp daily

BodyBio PC Liquid

Suggested Dosing: 2 tsp daily

Choline 550 mg (Vital Nutrients)

Suggested Dosing: 2 capsules daily

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